Welcome to the easy world of Physics. For any query and ambiguity about any concept regarding physics, click on the given topics below and enhance your knowledge. Readphysics.com is a worthy opportunity for the students and learners who are eager to learn maximum.
How to Read Physics?
Tips for Learning Physics Yourself
- Accept that your opinion and the scientific concept are different? …
- Correct what your friends say (but correct yourself first) ? …
- Practice with exercises ✏ …
- Organize all the information from the questions ✍? …
- Draw the bodies involved and the force vectors ?
Topics Junction
Study Material | Physics Curiosities | Measurement Tools |
Examples | Energy | Types |
Differences | Laws | Physics Dictionary |
- Mechanics
- Thermal Physics
- Waves & Optics
- Electricity & Magentism
- Modern Physics
- Foundations
1. Mechanics |
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Kinematics |
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Motion | Equations of motion |
Distance and displacement | Free fall |
Speed and Velocity | Graphs of motion |
Acceleration | Kinematics and calculus |
Kinematics in two dimensions | Projectiles |
Parametric equations | |
Dynamics I: Force |
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Forces | Dynamics |
Force and mass | Statics |
Action-reaction | Friction |
Weight | Forces in two dimensions |
Centripetal force | Frames of reference |
Energy |
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Work | Potential energy |
Energy | Conservation of energy |
Kinetic energy | Power |
Simple machines | |
Dynamics II: Momentum |
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Impulse and momentum | Momentum and energy |
Conservation of momentum | Momentum in two dimensions |
Rotational motion |
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Rotational kinematics | Rotational equilibrium |
Rotational inertia | Angular momentum |
Rotational dynamics | Rotational energy |
Rolling | Coriolis force |
Rotation in two dimensions | |
Planetary motion |
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Geocentrism | Orbital mechanics I |
Heliocentrism | Orbital mechanics II |
Universal gravitation | Gravitational potential energy |
Gravity of extended bodies | |
Periodic motion |
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Springs | Pendulums |
Simple harmonic oscillator | Resonance |
Elasticity | |
Fluids |
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Density | Viscosity |
Pressure | Aerodynamic drag |
Buoyancy | Flow regimes |
Fluid flow | |
2. Thermal physics |
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Heat and temperature |
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Temperature | The atomic nature of matter |
Thermal expansion | Gas laws |
Kinetic-molecular theory | Phases |
Calorimetry |
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Sensible heat | Latent heat |
Chemical potential energy | |
Heat transfer |
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Conduction | Convection |
Radiation | |
Thermodynamics |
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Heat and work | Engines |
Pressure-volume diagrams | Refrigerators |
Energy and entropy | Absolute zero |
3. Waves and optics |
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Wave phenomena |
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The nature of waves | Interference and superposition |
Periodic waves | Interfaces and barriers |
Sound |
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The nature of sound | Standing waves |
Intensity | Shock waves |
Doppler effect (sound) | Diffraction and interference (sound) |
Beats | Music and noise |
Physical optics |
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The nature of light | Cerenkov radiation |
Polarization | Diffraction and interference (light) |
Doppler effect (light) | Thin film interference |
Color | |
Geometric optics |
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Reflection | Spherical mirrors |
Refraction | Spherical lenses |
Aberration | |
4. Electricity and Magnetism |
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Electrostatics |
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Electric charge | Electric field |
Coulomb’s law | Electric potential |
Gauss’s law | Conductors |
Electrostatic applications |
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Capacitors | Dielectrics |
Batteries | |
Electric current |
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Electric current | Electric resistance |
Electric power | |
DC circuits |
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Resistors in circuits | Capacitors in circuits |
Batteries in circuits | Kirchhoff’s rules |
Magnetostatics |
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Magnetism | Ampère’s law |
Electromagnetism | Electromagnetic force |
Magnetodynamics |
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Electromagnetic induction | Lenz’ law |
Faraday’s law | Inductance |
AC circuits |
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Alternating current | RL circuits |
RC circuits | LC circuits |
Electromagnetic waves |
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Maxwell’s equations | Electromagnetic waves |
Electromagnetic spectrum | |
5. Modern physics |
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Relativity |
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Space-time | Mass-energy |
General relativity | |
Quanta |
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Blackbody radiation | X-rays |
Photoelectric effect | Antimatter |
Wave mechanics |
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Matter waves | Semiconductors |
Atomic models | Condensed matter |
Nuclear physics |
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Isotopes | Binding energy |
Radioactive decay | Fission |
Half life | Fusion |
Nucleosynthesis | Radiobiology |
Nuclear weapons | |
Particle physics |
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Quantum electrodynamics | Quantum flavordynamics |
Quantum chromodynamics | The Standard Model |
Beyond the Standard Model | |
6. Foundations |
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Units |
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International system of units | Miscellaneous units |
Gaussian system of units | Time |
British-American system of units | Unit conversion |
Measurement |
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Significant digits | Order of magnitude |
Graphs |
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Graphical representation of data | Curve fitting |
Linear regression | Calculus |
Vectors |
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Trigonometry | Vector resolution and components |
Vector addition and subtraction | Vector multiplication |
What does it take to be good at physics?
“Gold” Tips for a More Effective Physics Study
- 1st Tip: Start with the basics!
- 2nd Tip: Improve your math skills.
- 3rd Tip: Make it a habit to study daily.
- 4th Tip: If you are not good at reading, you will hardly be good at solving physics problems .
- 5th Tip: Don’t try to decorate, understand!
- 6th Tip – Draw: it helps!
- 7th Tip: Always ask for help!
How to be good at physics and math?
Tips: How to Study Mathematics , Physics and Chemistry Better
- The first and perhaps most important of all the tips is that studying cannot be done passively. …
- Studying requires concentration. …
- Studying requires discipline. …
- Study from the heart. …
- When studying, locate yourself within the discipline you are studying.
Is physics so difficult?
If you are talking about the theoretical, the one that needs a lot of deduction, critical analysis and logic, as well as a lot of creativity and intuition. It is difficult because it requires, in addition to deep observation, data crossing, a degree of abstraction at the level of the surreal.
What is the object of study of physics and what importance does it have for society?
The physical is extremely important for the global techno – scientific development. The purpose of physics is to study and understand natural phenomena, scientists use the universal language that is mathematics to analytically describe natural phenomena.
What does a person with a degree in physics do?
Physicist’s Assignments
- Give classes. …
- Do research. …
- Apply the laws of physics to solve problems. …
- Help develop products and equipment. …
- Do data analysis. …
- Contribute to the best use of new technologies. …
- Acting in technical expertise. …
- Provide environmental consultancy.
Who with a degree in physics can work on what?
Hiring physicists to work in the industry is still a little timid in Brazil, but it has been gaining ground in oil, transport, computer and medical companies. In this case, the physicist generally works together with other professionals from different areas, mainly from Engineering.
What does it mean and in physics?
astronomical unit: Unit of length used in Astronomy, equivalent to the average radius of the Earth’s orbit, or about 150 million km.
What is Oe in physics?
Barometer – It is a device used to measure atmospheric pressure. Base – A corrosive substance that reacts with an acid, forming water and a salt.
What does the acronym mean only in physics?
SO and VO in terms of physics respectively mean: initial position and initial velocity.
What is the physical?
Meaning of Physical adjective That belongs to nature, to matter: the physical world . Effective, material: physical impossibility. Concerning the human body: physical exercises . … masculine noun Physiognomy, the exterior of a person: having a beautiful physique .
How can we identify exercise?
What is the difference between physical activity and physical exercise ? Physical activity is any movement made by the musculature that results in energy expenditure. Physical exercises are systematized activities, with a sequence of movements to achieve a goal, usually linked to health or aesthetics.
What is physical activity 5 Examples?
Walking, climbing stairs, cycling, working in the garden or dancing are examples of physical activity . … If you like walking, swimming, doing water aerobics, cycling, treadmill, 40 to 60 minutes daily or 3 to 4 times a week is recommended.
What are moderate physical activities?
Moderate physical activities : Walking briskly (about 5.5 km/h); Take care of the garden; To dance; Cycling (less than 16 km/h);
What are the main areas of knowledge in physics?
Physics can be divided into Mechanics (which involves Kinematics, Dynamics, Statics, Hydrostatics, Hydrodynamics, Aerostatics and Aerodynamics), Thermology (with Thermodynamics and Calorimetry), Waveform, Acoustics, Optics, Electromagnetism (containing Magnetism, Electricity and Semiconductor Physics ), Modern Physics, Theory of Relativity (General Relativity and Restricted Relativity), Particle Physics (including Subatomic Physics), Atomic Physics, Molecular Physics, Nuclear Physics, Quantum Mechanics and Statistical Mechanics. Among its technological applications are Electronics and Computational Physics. There are also areas of Materials Physics, Statistical Mechanics, Mathematical Physics, Plasma Physics, Oceanography, Econophysics and Atmospheric Physics and applications in other sciences, such as Physical Chemistry (in chemistry), Astrophysics (in astronomy), Geophysics (in geology), Biophysics (in biology), Medical Physics (in medicine) and Agrophysics (in agronomy).
Definition of physics?
Physics is the science that studies nature, matter, energy and the interaction between them, and their phenomena in their most general aspects.
Physics is a science that studies the properties of matter and energy, establishing a direct relationship between them. The word “physics” in the dictionary means “the study of matter, energy and the interaction between them”. Furthermore, originating from the Greek term “physiké” which means “nature”, the word “physics” refers to the science that studies nature.
Although the definition given in antiquity is not entirely wrong, a scientific division has resulted in the areas of chemistry and biology. Thus, each of them started to have their own field of studies, including physics.
Physical knowledge, therefore, is mainly based on experiments, observations and mathematical formulations. It is also the role of this knowledge to describe, predict and justify through laws, some situations and phenomena that can occur with a body in space over time.
So, it is the role of physics to study the natural phenomena of matter. However, it is difficult to define an exact field of action for this knowledge. Well, it covers many fields of knowledge, even if you don’t realize it.
What is physics?
Basically, physical knowledge takes place through experimental observations and mathematical laws in order to explain the phenomena of interactions between space, time, matter, motion and energy. Namely that physics is also responsible for describing and explaining the configuration of the fundamental particles of the universe.
The entire universe is composed of particles, so phenomena covered in other sciences can also be explained by physical knowledge. Since, physics describes the dynamics of these particles. Thus, physical knowledge is intertwined with other sciences.
Certainly, physics has as its main objective to explain the workings of the universe. For this, it is based on scientific methodologies and mathematical functions. Undeniably, physical science is the oldest existing field of knowledge. Once it had its beginning marked by astronomical observations made by millenary peoples around the world.
Goals
- Speculative objective : The speculative objective aims to unravel the enigmas of nature, in order to understand the human relationship with the universe.
- Practical Objective: In short, the practical objective intends to improve the living conditions of human beings through technology. Thus, it would be possible to perform tasks in a more practical way, improving the quality of life.
- Clarifying Objective: Basically, it analyzes the cause and effect of certain phenomena. However, it is not focused on beliefs and superstitions, showing a difference between them.
Divisions
Physics, like other sciences, is also divided into areas based on several criteria, namely:
- Theoretical: In short, it aims to define new theories through experiences in order to expand knowledge.
- Experimental: It is responsible for the experiments in charge of validating and giving as true, or not, the formulated theories. In the same sense, it can also only correct some defects in the theory.
- Applied: It is basically the application of physical theories in everyday life.
Branches of physics
Undeniably, physics is a very vast science, so it is divided into a few areas to make it easier to understand. The division is made between Classical Physics and Modern Physics.
In short, classical physics encompasses phenomena that are macroscopic, that is, that can be observed. Such as the movement of stars and projectiles, operation of thermal machines, acoustics, geometrical optics, hydrostatics, electrostatics, among others. The knowledge of classical physics was mainly developed by names such as Isaac Newton, Galileo Galilei, Johannes Kepler, Lord Kelvin, among others.
On the other hand, modern physics is responsible for understanding microscopic phenomena, such as those that occur at subatomic scales. In addition to studying bodies that move at speeds close to the speed of light. So, it was from modern physics that phenomena such as radioactive decay, nuclear fissions and fusions, photoelectric effect, etc. were explained.
It is worth remembering that modern physics emerged in the 20th century with the discovery of radioactivity, X-rays, electromagnetic waves and atomic theory.
Classical physics
- Mechanics : In short, mechanical physics comprises the study of particle motion.
- Kinematics: This branch is responsible for analyzing movement without regard to circumstances. In addition, it understands concepts such as position, displacement, velocity, acceleration, etc.
- Dynamics : It is responsible for understanding the forms of energy related to the movements of translation and rotation. In addition, it also studies linear and angular motion and mechanical energy.
- Statics: In short, it is the area responsible for studying the equilibrium conditions of bodies. Certainly, it is a highly applied branch in civil construction. It deals with concepts such as center of mass, center of gravity, rotational balance and translational balance.
- Electrostatics and Classical Electrodynamics: This branch of physics analyzes static and dynamic electrical phenomena. Thus, its object of study is electric charges, electric potential, electric field, Coulomb’s law, magnetism and so on.
- Classical Thermodynamics : In short, it is the field of study of the thermodynamic states of matter, based on thermology and calorimetry. Of course, this division of physical knowledge is complemented by the laws of thermodynamics, which involve the concepts of heat, temperature, entropy, etc.
- Undulating : This is an area of physics that encompasses the propagation of electromagnetic waves and sound waves. Thus, it also addresses the phenomena suffered by waves (reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference, absorption, etc.)
What branches of physics define each?
We can define Physics as the science that studies the most general aspects of nature. … Basically, Physics is divided into 6 branches which are Mechanics, Thermology, Wave Motion, Optics, Electricity and Modern Physics .
What are the branches of modern physics?
The modern physics can be divided into two major branches , quantum mechanics and relativity. In quantum mechanics, the study of very small particles, which did not behave according to classical mechanics, is done.
What does a physicist do?
Most physicists work on research to find answers to fundamental questions. For example, what matter is composed of, how the sun stays lit for so many years, what was the origin of the universe, and so on. These are called pure searches.
While the questions often lead to answers that can lead to a technological advance, they are able to change the way we live our lives. For example, the technologies that we have acquired today were the result of research, experimentation and observations, before being put to use.
Therefore, it is evident that in all sectors of society people with knowledge of physics are needed. For carrying out research, for its application in all spheres of human activity.
The role of physicists in areas such as game development, development of new forms of energy, treatment of diseases and even to develop a conception of natural phenomena is essential.
Main physical formulas
One of the foundations of physics is mathematical formulations, which are used to describe different types of phenomena. As an example, here we will present some essential formulas of physical knowledge.
Newton’s second law
Kinetic energy
Average speed
average acceleration
first law of thermodynamics
fundamental equation calorimetry
sensible heat equation
Electric field
resting energy
Major discoveries from physics to science
Undeniably, there are some milestones in physical knowledge that have helped advance humanity and various technologies. Check the timeline for some of these events:
- 250 BC – Archimedes’ Principle: This physicist developed a theory where an object, when placed inside a fluid, suffers a force of the same weight oriented upwards, causing the object to remain floating.
- 1514 AD – Heliocentrism: Scientist Nicolas Copernicus designed a solar system where the sun is at the center of all other planets in orbit.
- 1687 – Laws of Motion and Universal Gravitation: Isaac Newton devised three laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation. This happened after the publication of his book: “Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy”.
- 1803 – Atomic Theory: The researcher John Dalton developed the theory that the composition of bodies is through a permanent proportion of elements. It was based on the works of Antonie Lavoisier and Joseph Proust.
- 1831 – Electromagnetic Induction: Michael faraday studied the magnetic field, and noted that the variation of this flux promotes induced electrical currents in conductive materials.
- 1838 – Earth’s magnetic field : It was physicists Wilhelm Weber and Carl Gauss who developed the theory that planet earth produced a magnetic field.
- 1864 – Maxwell’s Equations: This equation, developed by physicist James Clerk Maxwell, was nothing more than the unification of the equations of electricity with the equations of electromagnetism. In addition, he also calculated the speed of light.
- 1896 – Radioactivity : Physicist Henri Becquerel discovered radiation through radioactive elements.
- 1897 – Discovery of the electron : JJ Thomson discovered the electron, which was a particle opposite the proton and with a smaller mass.
Physical quantities
The physical quantities is nothing more than the amount of variations of the rating, that is, units of measure. Undeniably, these units of measure vary depending on location. The physical quantities are divided into two, as follows:
Scalar quantities: Knowing that they are those that have real numbers, negative or positive, and are always accompanied by their unit of measure.
Vector quantities: In short, they are characterized by having module, direction and meaning.